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Protamine Sulfate – Overview 💊

Chemical Name: Protamine Sulfate
CAS Number: 9007-73-2
Molecular Formula: Variable (mixture of basic proteins derived from salmon sperm)

Description:
Protamine Sulfate is a low-molecular-weight, strongly basic protein primarily used as an antidote for heparin overdose. It works by binding to heparin, forming a stable complex that neutralizes heparin’s anticoagulant activity.

Appearance:

White to off-white crystalline or amorphous powder

Hygroscopic (absorbs moisture from air)

Solubility:

Soluble in water

Slightly soluble in saline

Insoluble in ethanol

Pharmacological Use:

Neutralization of unfractionated heparin

Used in cardiac surgery, dialysis, or heparin overdose emergencies

Sometimes combined with insulin in certain formulations to slow absorption

Mechanism of Action:

Protamine carries a positive charge, which binds strongly to the negatively charged heparin

Forms a stable inactive complex, rapidly reversing anticoagulation

Dosage Forms:

Injectable solution (usually 10 mg/mL) for intravenous use

Side Effects (common):

Hypotension, bradycardia

Allergic reactions, especially in patients with fish allergies

Rare: anaphylaxis, pulmonary hypertension

Storage:

Store at 2–8°C

Protect from light and freezing